Read the passage carefully and answer the questions based on the passage:

There has been greater recognition that both men and women are constrained by dominant gender identities. For instance, men in patriarchal societies feel they must be strong and successful. It is not manly, to express oneself emotionally. A gender- just society would allow both men and women to be free. This, of course, rests on the idea that for true freedom to grow and develop, injustices of all kinds have to end. The idea of a gender-just society is based upon two important factors - educated women with multiple roles and improved sex ratio. The programme of the Government of India, Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana is an important effort in the actualization of a gender-just society.

Patriarchal society refers to:-

Dominant role of men

The correct answer is Option (1) → Dominant role of men

A patriarchal society is one in which men hold primary power and dominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and control of property. In such societies, men are generally seen as decision-makers, while women often face restrictions and discrimination in various spheres.