Match List-I with List-II on what Herman Daly says is needed to achie…

Match List-I with List-II on what Herman Daly says is needed to achieve sustainable development:

List-I	List-II
(A) Human population	(I) Should be input efficient and not input consuming
(B) Technological progress	(II) Rate of depletion should not exceed the rate of creation of renewable substitutes
(C) Renewable resources	(III) Rate of extraction should not exceed the rate of regeneration
(D) Non-renewable resources	(IV) Should be limited to a level within the carrying capacity of the environment

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 4

The correct answer is Option (4) → (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)

Herman Daly, an environmental economist, listed what is needed to achieve sustainable development. Each item has its own rule.

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) Human population	(IV) Should be limited to a level within the carrying capacity of the environment	Population must stay within the carrying capacity, like a ship’s plimsoll line.
(B) Technological progress	(I) Should be input efficient and not input consuming	Technology should do more with fewer inputs.
(C) Renewable resources	(III) Rate of extraction should not exceed the rate of regeneration	Take them out no faster than they grow back.
(D) Non-renewable resources	(II) Rate of depletion should not exceed the rate of creation of renewable substitutes	Use them up no faster than substitutes are created.

NCERT (2026-27): “7.4 Sustainable Development … According to Herman Daly, a leading environmental economist, to achieve sustainable development, the following needs to be done (i) limiting the human population to a level within the carrying capacity of the environment. The carrying capacity of the environment is like a’plimsoll line’ of the ship which is its load limit mark. In the absence of the plimsoll line for the economy, human scale grows beyond the carrying capacity of the earth and deviates from sustainable development (ii) technological progress should be input efficient and not input consuming (iii) renewable resources should be extracted on a sustainable basis, that is, rate of extraction should not exceed rate of regeneration (iv) for non-renewable resources rate of depletion should not exceed the rate of creation of renewable substitutes and (v) inefficiencies arising from pollution should be corrected. …”