Match the Column 1 with Column 2 :

1-b,2-c,3-a,4-d .

The correct answer is Option is (3) - 1-b,2-c,3-a,4-d .

The chromosomal disorders  are caused due to absence or excess or abnormal arrangement of one or more chromosomes.

Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division cycle results in the gain or loss of a chromosome(s), called aneuploidy. For example, Down’s syndrome results in the gain of extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, Turner’s syndrome results due to loss of an X chromosome in human females.

Failure of cytokinesis after telophase stage of cell division results in an increase in a whole set of chromosomes in an organism and, this phenomenon is known as polyploidy. This condition is often seen in plants.

Turner’s Syndrome : Such a disorder is caused due to the absence of one of the X chromosomes, i.e., 45 with XO, Such females are sterile as ovaries are rudimentary besides other features including lack of other secondary sexual characters.

Klinefelter’s Syndrome : This genetic disorder is also caused due to the presence of an additional copy of Xchromosome resulting into a karyotype of 47, 44+XXY. Such an individual has overall masculine development, however, the feminine development (development of breast, i.e., Gynaecomastia) is also expressed . Such individuals are sterile.