Which of following factor is/ are NOT responsible to change the frequency of alleles in a population?

A. Gene flow or gene migration
B. Natural selection
C. Chemical radiation
D. Genctic drift
E. Genetic recombination

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

C only

The correct answer is Option (3) →C only

The factors that are responsible for changing the frequency of alleles in a population include:

• Gene flow or gene migration (A): Movement of genes from one population to another can change allele frequencies.
• Natural selection (B): This process favors the survival of individuals with advantageous traits, changing allele frequencies.
• Genetic drift (D): Random changes in allele frequencies in small populations due to chance events can lead to significant changes over time.
• Genetic recombination (E): The reshuffling of genes during meiosis contributes to genetic variation in a population.

Chemical radiation (C) is not a direct factor that changes allele frequencies in a population; instead, it can cause mutations, which might affect allele frequencies if the mutations are passed on to the next generation.

Therefore, the most appropriate answer is C only because chemical radiation does not directly change allele frequencies like the other factors listed.

The Hardy-Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or law, is a fundamental concept in population genetics that describes the conditions under which the frequency of alleles in a population remains constant from generation to generation. Five factors are known to affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These are gene migration or gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, genetic recombination and natural selection.