Who among the following have been called as neo-analytic or post-Freu…

Who among the following have been called as neo-analytic or post-Freudians?

(A) Alfred Adler

(B) Gordon Allport

(D) Karen Horney

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 3

The correct answer is Option (3) → (A), (C) and (D) only

Theorists who developed their ideas following Freud, some after working with him, are called neo-analytic or post-Freudian. They gave the id’s sexual and aggressive tendencies a smaller role and expanded the concept of ego.

(A) Alfred Adler Correct. His individual psychology holds that behaviour is purposeful and goal-directed; it is one of the post-Freudian theories.

(B) Gordon Allport Incorrect. Allport is a trait theorist. He classified traits into cardinal, central and secondary, and did not build on Freud’s psychoanalytic theory.

(C) Erich Fromm Correct. Fromm developed his theory from a social orientation, in contrast to Freud’s biological one; he is a post-Freudian.

(D) Karen Horney Correct. Horney was a disciple of Freud whose theory deviated from basic Freudian principles, with an optimistic view of human growth.

NCERT (2025-26): “Post-Freudian Approaches … A number of theorists further developed their ideas following Freud. Some had worked with him and then moved on to develop their own versions of the psychoanalytic theory. These theorists have been called neo-analytic, or post-Freudian in order to differentiate their work from Freud’s. These theories are characterised by less prominent roles to sexual and aggressive tendencies of the id and expansion of the concept of ego. The human qualities of creativity, competence, and problem solving abilities are emphasised. Some of these theories are briefly described here.…”

“Alfred Adler : Lifestyle and Social Interest … Our personal goals are the sources of our motivation.…”

“Karen Horney : Optimism … Horney was another disciple of Freud who developed a theory that deviated from basic Freudian principles.…”

“Erich Fromm : The Human Concerns … In contrast to Freud’s biological orientation, Fromm developed his theory from a social orientation. He viewed human beings as basically social beings who could be understood in terms of their relationship with others.…”