Answer questions from the passage below:
Based in Anand, a town in Gujarat, Amul is a dairy cooperative movement joined by about two and half million milk producers in Gujarat. The Amul pattern became a uniquely appropriate model for rural development and poverty alleviation, spurring what has come to be known as the White Revolution. In 1970, the rural development programme called Operation Flood was started. Operation Flood organized cooperatives of milk producers into a nationwide milk grid, with the purpose of increasing milk production, bringing the producer and consumer closer by eliminating middlemen, and assuring the producers a regular income throughout the year. Operation Flood was, however, not just a dairy programme. It saw dairying as a path to development, for generating employment and income for rural households and alleviating poverty. The number of members of the cooperative has continued to increase with the numbers of women members and Women's Dairy Cooperative Societies are also increasing significantly.
Which of the following was the focus of the white revolution?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Rural Development
Option (1) Urban Development Incorrect. Urban development means building up towns and cities.
Option (2) Rural Development Correct. The Amul pattern became a model for rural development and poverty alleviation, and it spurred what came to be known as the White Revolution. Operation Flood, which carried it across the country, was itself called a rural development programme.
Option (3) Panchayati Raj Incorrect. Panchayati Raj is the system of local self-government through elected village, block and district bodies.
Option (4) Town Planning Incorrect. Town planning is the planned layout of roads, housing and services in a town.
Note 1: This passage is taken almost word for word from an NCERT box on Amul and the White Revolution. One side box on Amul carries all five questions of this passage, so give the boxes in every chapter the same care as the main text.
Note 2: The box ‘Fast Forward: The White Revolution’ of the chapter ‘Politics of Planned Development’ was there in the pre-rationalised NCERT; this portion is not in the 2023-24 and 2025-26 editions or the NCERT book (2026-27), though the chapter is still there.
NCERT (Pre-rationalised): Politics in India since Independence — Chapter 3: Politics of Planned Development
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