How does the age structure of a population affect population growth?

Different age groups exhibit varying reproductive capabilities.

The correct answer is: (a) different age groups have different reproductive capabilities

The age structure of a population refers to the distribution of individuals across different age groups within a population. This age structure can have a significant influence on population growth.

Different age groups within a population typically have different reproductive capabilities. For example, individuals in their reproductive prime (typically young to middle-aged adults) have a higher likelihood of reproducing and contributing to population growth compared to very young or older individuals. This is because individuals in their reproductive prime are more likely to be sexually mature, physically capable of reproduction, and have a higher fertility rate.

On the other hand, individuals in the very young age group (such as infants and children) are not yet capable of reproduction, while individuals in the older age group (such as elderly individuals) may have reduced reproductive capabilities or may have ceased reproduction altogether.

Therefore, the age structure of a population plays a crucial role in determining population growth rates. A population with a higher proportion of individuals in their reproductive prime will generally have higher potential for population growth, while a population with a larger proportion of very young or older individuals may experience slower population growth or even decline.

It is important for researchers and policymakers to understand the age structure of a population in order to make accurate predictions about population growth, plan for future demographic changes, and develop appropriate strategies for population management and resource allocation.