Read the paragraph and answer the question.
Broadly, genetic disorders may be grouped into two categories - Mendelian disorders and Chromosomal disorders. Mendelian disorders are mainly determined by alteration or mutation in the single gene. These disorders are transmitted to the offspring on the same lines as we have studied in the principle of inheritance. The trait may also be linked to the sex chromosome as in case of haemophilia. It is evident that this X-linked recessive trait shows transmission from carrier female to male progeny.
The disease which is transmitted to the offsprings following the principles of inheritance is :
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Sickle cell anaemia
As the passage says, Mendelian disorders, caused by a change in a single gene, are passed on by the principles of inheritance. Chromosomal disorders are not.
Option (1) Sickle cell anaemia — Correct. Sickle-cell anaemia is a Mendelian disorder: it is caused by a mutation in a single gene and is passed from parents to offspring by the principles of inheritance (autosomal recessive).
Note: The passage is taken from NCERT. NTA has put lines of the NCERT text together to make it. Most CUET (UG) questions come straight from NCERT, so study the book line by line, including figures and their titles.
NCERT Extract:
Mendelian Disorders – “Broadly, genetic disorders may be grouped into two categories – Mendelian disorders and Chromosomal disorders. Mendelian disorders are mainly determined by alteration or mutation in the single gene. These disorders are transmitted to the offspring on the same lines as we have studied in the principle of inheritance. The pattern of inheritance of such Mendelian disorders can be traced in a family by the pedigree analysis. Most common and prevalent Mendelian disorders are Haemophilia, Cystic fibrosis, Sickle-cell anaemia, Colour blindness, Phenylketonuria, Thalassemia, etc.”