Match List-I with List-II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(1) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
(2) (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
(3) (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
(4) (A)-(IV), (B)-(II), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)

3

The stupa (mound containing relics of Buddha), originating from the Sanskrit term meaning a "heap," began as a simple semi-circular earth mound known as an "anda." Over time, it underwent a transformation, evolving into a more intricate architectural form that skillfully combined circular and square elements. Situated atop the anda was the "harmika," resembling a balcony, symbolizing the dwelling place of deities. Extending from the harmika was a central mast called the "yashti," frequently crowned with a "chhatri" or umbrella. Encompassing the mound was a protective railing, demarcating the sacred realm from the secular world.

The emergence of Buddhist ideas and practices can be understood as an outcome of interactions with various traditions, such as the Brahmanas and Jainas, among others. These dialogues often led to the formation of sacred sites, although not all ideas and practices were documented in texts. Early on, certain places held significance as sacred, often due to the presence of unique trees, distinctive rocks, or remarkable natural beauty. These locations, sometimes accompanied by small shrines, were occasionally referred to as chaityas.