Assertion: Cleistogamous flowers require pollinating agents.
Reasoning:: Chasmogamous flowers do not expose their sex organs.

Both Assertion (A) and Reason are false (F ).

The correct answer is Option (4) →Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are false.

Explanation:

Assertion: "Cleistogamous flowers require pollinating agents." – False

• Cleistogamous flowers remain closed and undergo self-pollination without the need for external pollinators.
• Since anthers and stigma are enclosed within the same flower, pollen transfer occurs automatically, ensuring assured seed-set even in the absence of pollinators.

Reason: "Chasmogamous flowers do not expose their sex organs." – False

• Chasmogamous flowers are open flowers, where the stigma and anthers are exposed to facilitate cross-pollination by wind, insects, or other agents.
• Since their reproductive organs are exposed, they do not rely solely on self-pollination like cleistogamous flowers.