Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

The correct answer is Option (1) → Outgroup - another group, whose members are often perceived negatively

Option (1) Outgroup - another group, whose members are often perceived negatively — Correct. The outgroup is another group of which one is not a member. Its members are viewed differently and often perceived negatively compared with ingroup members.

Option (2) Ingroup - another group, for whose members the word 'they' is used — Incorrect. The ingroup is one's own group, and its members are called 'we'. The word 'they' is used for the outgroup.

Option (3) Minimal group paradigm - a method to study intergroup behaviour in long-standing groups — Incorrect. Tajfel's groups were made on a flimsy criterion with no past history or future. Long-standing groups were kept out to find the minimal conditions.

Option (4) Informal group - formation based on specific rules, with definite roles for members — Incorrect. Specific rules and definite roles mark a formal group. An informal group is not based on rules and has close relationship among members.