Read the given passage and answer the following question :
Biogas is a mixture of gases (containing predominantly methane) produced by the microbial activity and which may be used as fuel. Microbes produce different types of gaseous end-products during growth and metabolism. The type of the gas produced depends upon the microbes and the organic substrates they utilise. In the examples cited in relation to fermentation of dough, cheese making and production of beverages, the main gas produced was CO2. However, certain bacteria, which grow anaerobically on cellulosic material, produce large amount of methane along with CO2 and H2. These bacteria are collectively called methanogens, and one such common bacterium is Methanobacterium. These bacteria are commonly found in the anaerobic sludge during sewage treatment. These bacteria are also present in the rumen (a part of stomach) of cattle. A lot of cellulosic material present in the food of cattle is also present in the rumen. In rumen, these bacteria help in the breakdown of cellulose and play an important role in the nutrition of cattle. Thus, the excreta (dung) of cattle, commonly called gobar, is rich in these bacteria. Dung can be used for generation of biogas, commonly called gobar gas. The technology of biogas production was developed in India mainly due to the efforts of Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC).
Which organisations contributed to the development of biogas production technology in India?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)
The passage states that “The technology of biogas production was developed in India mainly due to the efforts of Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC).”
Biogas is a fuel gas made mostly of methane. Methanogens produce it when they break down cattle dung (gobar) in a biogas plant. IARI is India’s national institute for agricultural research, and KVIC promotes village industries. Their work made gobar gas plants common in rural India, where dung is easily available. The other organisations work in different fields: ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) in space research, NGT (National Green Tribunal) and CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) in environmental law and pollution control, ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) in medical research and NDDB (National Dairy Development Board) in dairy development.