Which of the following is a limitation of crystal field theory?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → The covalent character of bonding between the ligand and the central atom is not taken into account.
Crystal field theory treats the metal–ligand bond as purely ionic (ligands as point charges), so it cannot account for the covalent character of the bond.
Why the other options are incorrect
Option (1) It explains the formation and structures of the coordination compound. — Incorrect. This describes what the theory does, not a limitation.
Option (2) The colour and magnetic properties can be predicted. — Incorrect. This is a success of the theory.
Option (4) It considers the splitting of d orbitals in the field of the ligands. — Incorrect. This is the basic idea of the theory, not a limitation.
NCERT (2026-27 edition):
Limitations of Crystal Field Theory
