Arrange the following major developments in Harappan Archaeology in a chronological order:
A. B.B. Lal begins excavations at Kalibangan.
B. Report of Alexander Cunningham on Harappan Seal.
C. R.E.M. Wheeler excavates at Harappa.
D. S.R. Rao begins excavations at Lothal.
E. M.S. Vats begins excavations at Harappa.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → B, E, C, D, A
(B) Report of Alexander Cunningham on Harappan Seal. — 1875, the only one of these in the nineteenth century.
(E) M.S. Vats begins excavations at Harappa. — 1921, when excavations began at Harappa.
(C) R.E.M. Wheeler excavates at Harappa. — 1946.
(D) S.R. Rao begins excavations at Lothal. — 1955.
(A) B.B. Lal begins excavations at Kalibangan. — 1960, together with B.K. Thapar.
Note: The 2023-24 NCERT timeline names M.S. Vats as the one who began excavations at Harappa in 1921, while the NCERT book (2026-27) names Daya Ram Sahni for the same year. The year, and so the order, is the same in both books, so the answer does not change.
NCERT: Themes in Indian History Part I — Chapter 1: Bricks, Beads and Bones (2026-27)
NCERT (2023-24): chapter ‘Bricks, Beads and Bones’
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