Assertion: During the latter half of the 19th century, the development of modern industry in India was slow but gradually taking shape and initially, this progress was limited to the establishment of cotton and jute textile mills.
Reasoning: The cotton textile mills and the jute mills were largely controlled by foreigners.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
During the latter half of the 19th century, the development of modern industry in India was slow but gradually taking shape. Initially, this progress was limited to the establishment of cotton and jute textile mills. The cotton textile mills, largely controlled by Indians, were concentrated in the western parts of the country, specifically Maharashtra and Gujarat. On the other hand, the jute mills, predominantly owned by foreigners, were mainly concentrated in Bengal.