Which of the following reactions are ways to synthesize carboxylic acids? I. Oxidation of an aldehyde II. Hydrolysis of an anhydride III. Hydrolysis of a ketone

I I and II II and III I and III

I and II

Oxidizing an aldehyde would add an additional oxygen atom to the functional group and successfully convert the aldehyde into a carboxylic acid. I is correct. When an anhydride undergoes hydrolysis, one of the carbonyl leaves and a hydrogen ion attaches to the bridge oxygen. This process forms two carboxylic acids. II is correct. Since both of the groups flanking the carbonyl carbon in a ketone are alkyl groups, there is no readily available leaving group on the ketone molecule after the H2O addition to the carbonyl carbon. III is incorrect.