Statements:
(a) All copies are books.
(b) No book is a pencil.
(c) All pencils are writers.
Conclusions:
(I) No writer is a book.
(II) Some copies are writers.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Neither conclusion I nor II follows
A conclusion follows only if it is true in every diagram that fits the statements. One diagram in which it fails is enough to reject it.
Conclusion I (No writer is a book) does not follow: only the pencils among the writers are kept away from books; other writers may well be books, as in the diagram.
Conclusion II (Some copies are writers) does not follow: copies lie inside books, but the statements give no link between books and writers apart from the pencils, which are not books; so copies and writers can be drawn apart, as in the diagram.