Stammering is a habit disorder linked with lack of self-confidence. Basically, for a child to understand a language, there are four stages. The first is learning to understand the spoken language and the second is speaking. Both of these usually develop around the age of two.
The third stage is speaking complex sentences, which develops at around three, and the fourth is when the child recognises the written alphabet. In 80% of children while the 3rd and 4th stage are at play, the first two get disturbed because something new is being incorporated in the mind.
This is absolutely normal. But what over cautious mothers do is fret a lot and the child develops a fear which later manifests itself as stammering. In fact, most text books on stammering state in bold that "Had there not been any over cautious mothers, hardly anyone would have suffered from stammering." Fluency can be incorporated in the speech of such patients through hypnosis.
Fluency in such patients can be incorporated in their speech through:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → hypnosis
The last line of the passage says: "Fluency can be incorporated in the speech of such patients through hypnosis." Hypnosis is a sleep-like state in which a person's mind is open to suggestion; it is used to remove the fear behind the stammer.
Example: The doctor used hypnosis to help him get over his fear of water.
Why the Other Options are Incorrect?
Option 2: prayers — Incorrect. Not mentioned: prayers are not part of the passage.
Option 3: punishment — Incorrect. Not mentioned: punishment would add to the child's fear, which is what causes stammering; the passage does not suggest it.
Option 4: symbiosis — Incorrect. Not mentioned: symbiosis is a close relationship between two living things that helps both, a term from biology. It has nothing to do with treating speech.
Example: Bees and flowers live in symbiosis.