Assertion: The social benefits derived from ITDP in Bharmaur are immense, especially in the field of education.

Reasoning: The female literacy rate in the region increased from 1.88 per cent in 1971 to 65 per cent in 2011. The difference between males and females in literacy level i.e. gender inequality has also declined. 

Both Assertion (A) and reasoning (R) are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.

The social benefits derived from ITDP include a tremendous increase in literacy rate, improvement in sex ratio and decline in child marriage. The female literacy rate in the region increased from 1.88 per cent in 1971 to 65 per cent in 2011. The difference between males and females in literacy level i.e. gender inequality has also declined. Traditionally, the Gaddis had a subsistence agricultural-cum-pastoral economy having an emphasis on foodgrains and livestock production. But during the last three decades of the twentieth century, the cultivation of pulses and other cash crops has increased in the Bharmaur region. But the crop cultivation is still done with traditional technology. The declining importance of pastoralism in the economy of the region can be gauged from the fact that at present only about one-tenth of the total households practise transhumance. But the Gaddis are still very mobile as a sizeable section of them migrate to Kangra and surrounding areas during winter to earn their livings from wage labour.