Match List-I (Name) with List-II (solution)
|
List-I Name |
List-II Solution |
|
(A) Isotonic solution |
(I) A solution with lower osmotic pressure than that of other solution |
|
(B) Hypotonic solution |
(II) A solution with higher osmotic pressure than that of other solution |
|
(C) Ideal solution |
(III) Different solutions with equal osmotic pressure |
|
(D) Hypertonic solution |
(IV) A solution that obeys Raoult's law at all temperatures and concentration |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
Solutions are compared by their osmotic pressure: two solutions with the same osmotic pressure are isotonic, and when they differ, the one with the lower osmotic pressure is hypotonic and the one with the higher osmotic pressure is hypertonic with respect to the other. An ideal solution is defined differently, through Raoult’s law.
(A) Isotonic solution — This matches (III) Different solutions with equal osmotic pressure. No osmosis takes place between them when they are separated by a semipermeable membrane; 0.9% (mass/volume) sodium chloride solution is isotonic with blood fluid.
(B) Hypotonic solution — This matches (I) A solution with lower osmotic pressure than that of other solution. Water flows out of it; blood cells placed in a hypotonic solution take in water and swell.
(C) Ideal solution — This matches (IV) A solution that obeys Raoult’s law at all temperatures and concentration. For it, \( \Delta_{mix}H = 0 \) and \( \Delta_{mix}V = 0 \), as the A–B attractions are the same as A–A and B–B.
(D) Hypertonic solution — This matches (II) A solution with higher osmotic pressure than that of other solution. Water flows into it; blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution lose water and shrink.
Shortcut: (A)-(III) appears only in Options (3) and (4), and of these only Option (4) has (B)-(I).
NCERT (2026-27 edition):
Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure – “… Two solutions having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature are called isotonic solutions. … On the other hand, if we place the cells in a solution containing more than 0.9% (mass/ volume) sodium chloride, water will flow out of the cells and they would shrink. Such a solution is called hypertonic. If the salt concentration is less than 0.9% (mass/volume), the solution is said to be hypotonic.”