Which of the following are considered autotrophic components within a pond ecosystem?

All of the above

The correct answer is Option (4) -All of the above

Autotrophic components are organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. In a pond ecosystem, this includes:

• Phytoplankton: Microscopic plants that float in the water and perform photosynthesis.
• Algae: Various types of algae that grow in the water and on surfaces, also performing photosynthesis.
• Submerged and marginal plants: Plants that grow underwater (submerged) and around the edges of the pond (marginal) and use sunlight to produce food through photosynthesis.

Therefore, all these organisms are considered autotrophic components within a pond ecosystem.