In the comparison of marketing management philosophies, which of the following gives the correct ‘means’ and ‘ends’ of the product concept?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Means: product improvements; Ends: profit through product quality
Option (1) Means: availability and affordability of product; Ends: profit through product quality — Incorrect. ‘Availability and affordability of product’ is the means of the production concept. Only the ends are right.
Option (2) Means: product improvements; Ends: profit through volume of production — Incorrect. ‘Profit through volume of production’ is the end of the production concept. Only the means are right.
Option (3) Means: availability and affordability of product; Ends: profit through volume of production — Incorrect. Both parts belong to the production concept.
Option (4) Means: product improvements; Ends: profit through product quality — Correct. The product concept works through product improvements in quality, performance and features. It aims at profit through product quality.
Note: Comparison tables like this one put a whole topic into a few rows. Read them across and down, because one table can give many questions.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition):
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