Match the following options in List 1 correctly with those in List 2:

Choose the correct answer from the given options:

(A)- II, (B)- I, (C)- IV, (D)- III

The correct answer is Option 2 - (A)- II, (B)- I, (C)- IV, (D)- III

Explanation:

The basic philosophy of the Jainas was already in existence in north India before the birth of Vardhamana, who came to be known as Mahavira, in the sixth century BCE. According to Jaina tradition, Mahavira was preceded by 23 other teachers or tirthankaras – literally, those who guide men and women across the river of existence.

The early stupas, exemplified by those at Sanchi and Bharhut, exhibited a simplicity in their design.

By the first century CE, there is evidence of changes in Buddhist ideas and practices. Early Buddhist teachings had given great importance to self-effort in achieving nibbana. Besides, the Buddha was regarded as a human being who attained enlightenment and nibbana through his own efforts. However, gradually the idea of a saviour emerged. It was believed that he was the one who could ensure salvation. Simultaneously, the concept of the Bodhisatta also developed. Bodhisattas were perceived as deeply compassionate beings who accumulated merit through their efforts but used this not to attain nibbana and thereby abandon the world, but to help others. The worship of images of the Buddha and Bodhisattas became an important part of this tradition.

Elliot's expedition further revealed the remnants of the western gateway and prompted him to conclude that Amaravati held the distinction of being among the grandest and most splendid Buddhist stupas ever constructed.