Which of the following statement is incorrect about Pastoralism?

The correct answer is Option 3: The process of migration from plain areas to pastures on mountains during winters and again from mountain pastures to plain areas during summers is known as transhumance.

Option 1: Nomadic herding and pastoral nomadism means the same thing — Correct. Both terms are used interchangeably to describe a primitive subsistence activity in which herders move with their livestock in search of pasture and water.

Option 2: Nomadic herding is a primitive subsistence activity, in which the herders rely on animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools and transport — Correct. In pastoral nomadism, herders depend heavily on livestock for their livelihood and basic needs.

Option 3: The process of migration from plain areas to pastures on mountains during winters and again from mountain pastures to plain areas during summers is known as transhumance. — Incorrect. The seasonal movement described is reversed. In transhumance, people move from plains to mountain pastures during summers and return to plains during winters.