When one country establishes its rule over another country, it is known as:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Colonialism
Option (1) Capitalism — Incorrect. Capitalism is an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and organised to accumulate profits within a market system. It describes how an economy is run, not one country ruling another.
Option (2) Colonialism — Correct. At one level, colonialism means the establishment of rule by one country over another. In the modern period, western colonialism had the greatest impact, as British rule had in India.
Option (3) Socialism — Incorrect. Socialism is an economic and political system in which the means of production are owned or controlled by society or the state, so that wealth is shared more equally. It concerns how a country runs its own economy, not rule over another country.
Option (4) Communism — Incorrect. Communism is the idea of a society in which all property is held in common and there are no classes. It too is about the ownership of property within a society.
Note: The concepts in Option (3), ‘Socialism’, and Option (4), ‘Communism’, are not in NCERT (2025-26); explained here for the benefit of the students.
NCERT (2025-26): “1.1 Understanding Colonialism … At one level, colonialism simply means the establishment of rule by one country over another. In the modern period western colonialism has had the greatest impact. India’s past has been marked by the entry of numerous groups of people at different times who have established their rule over different parts of what constitutes modern India today. The impact of colonial rule is distinguishable from all other earlier rules because the changes it brought in were far-reaching and deep.…” |