What is the name of the system of stages of life discussed in Hindu texts of the ancient and medieval eras?

Asrama system

The correct answer is Option 1- Asrama system

The system of stages of life discussed in Hindu texts of the ancient and medieval eras is called the Asrama system.

The other options you mentioned are:

• Varna System: The Varna system is a social stratification system that divides Hindu society into four classes: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.
• Gurukul System: The Gurukul system is a traditional Hindu educational system in which students live with their teacher (guru) and learn from them.
• Upanyana: Upanyana is a ceremony that marks the initiation of a young Brahmin male into the Vedic studies.