What term is used to describe the body's immune system attacking its own cells?

Autoimmunity

The correct answer is Option (1) -Autoimmunity

Autoimmunity: This refers to the immune system's tendency to attack its own tissues and cells. It's a normal part of the body's defense mechanism, as the immune system constantly surveys the body for any abnormalities, including cells that have become damaged or infected. However, in some cases, the immune system mistakenly identifies healthy cells as foreign invaders and attacks them. Autoimmunity is not necessarily a disorder; it can exist without causing noticeable symptoms or harm.

Autoimmune Disorder: An autoimmune disorder occurs when the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks healthy tissues and cells, causing damage and dysfunction in various organs or systems of the body. Unlike autoimmunity, autoimmune disorders are pathological conditions where the immune response against self-antigens leads to tissue inflammation, injury, and sometimes, organ failure. Examples of autoimmune disorders include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Allergy (option b) refers to the exaggerated immune response to certain antigens in the environment, resulting in allergic reactions.

Immunodeficiency (option c) is a condition characterized by a weakened or impaired immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and other diseases.

Inflammation (option d) is a general immune response that occurs in the body to protect against harmful stimuli, such as pathogens or tissue injury. While inflammation can be a component of autoimmunity, it is not specific to autoimmune conditions.