How did the government exercise control over the private sector industries in the initial phase of planning?

By providing tax benefits and concessions. By granting licenses for new establishments and expansions. By establishing joint ventures with private companies. By enforcing strict regulations and price controls.

By granting licenses for new establishments and expansions.

The government exercised control over the private sector industries through a system of licenses. No new industry or expansion could take place without obtaining a license from the government. This allowed the government to regulate and monitor industrial growth.