Management is considered as art because of which of the following features?

(A) Systematized body of knowledge

(B) Existence of theoretical knowledge

(C) Personalized application

(D) Being based on practice and creativity

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(B), (C) and (D) only

The correct answer is option 4- (B), (C) and (D) only.

Except (A) Systematized body of knowledge, all other are features of management as an art. It is a feature of science. 

Systematised body of knowledge: Science is a systematic body of knowledge. Its principles are based on a cause and effect relationship. For example, the phenomenon of an apple falling from a tree towards the ground is explained by the law of gravity. Management has a systematised body of knowledge. It has its own theory and principles that have developed over a period of time.

Art is the skillful and personal application of existing knowledge to achieve desired results. It can be acquired through study, observation and experience. Since art is concerned with personal application of knowledge some kind of ingenuity and creativity is required to practice the basic principles learnt. The basic features of an art are as follows:

(i) Existence of theoretical knowledge: Art presupposes the existence of certain theoretical knowledge. Experts in their respective areas have derived certain basic principles which are applicable to a particular form of art.  A successful manager practices the art of management in the day-to-day job of managing an enterprise based on study, observation and experience. There is a lot of literature available in various areas of management like marketing, finance and human resources which the manager has to specialise in. There is existence of theoretical knowledge.

(ii) Personalised application: The use of this basic knowledge varies from individual to individual. Art, therefore, is a very personalised concept. A manager applies this acquired knowledge in a personalised and skillful manner in the light of the realities of a given situation. He is involved in the activities of the organisation, studies critical situations and formulates his own theories for use in a given situation.

(iii) Based on practice and creativity: All art is practical. Art involves the creative practice of existing theoretical knowledge. A manager applies the scientific methods and body of knowledge to a given situation, an issue or a problem, in his own unique manner. A good manager works through a combination of practice, creativity, imagination, initiative and innovation. A manager achieves perfection after long practice.