Under stress the body releases epinephrine and nor-epinephrine, slows…

Under stress the body releases epinephrine and nor-epinephrine, slows digestion, widens air passages, raises heart rate and constricts blood vessels. What kind of stress effects are these?

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 3

The correct answer is Option (3) → Physiological

Option	Reason
Option (1): Emotional. Incorrect.	Emotional effects are the feelings and moods of a stressed person, such as anxiety, depression, increased psychological tension and mood swings. Over time they can lower confidence and strain ties with family and friends.
Option (2): Cognitive. Incorrect.	Cognitive effects concern thinking and decision making. Long stress can cause mental overload, with poor concentration, reduced short-term memory and faulty decisions at home or at work.
Option (3): Physiological. Correct.	Hormone release, slower digestion, wider air passages, a faster heart and narrower blood vessels are all changes in the body. Such bodily changes, set off by stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, are the physiological effects of stress.
Option (4): Behavioural. Incorrect.	Behavioural effects are changes in what a person does under stress. Examples are eating less nutritious food, more use of caffeine, cigarettes or alcohol, disturbed sleep and more absence from work.

NCERT (2026-27): “EFFECTS OF STRESS ON PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING AND HEALTH …
Physiological Effects : When the human body is placed under physical or psychological stress, it increases the production of certain hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones produce marked changes in heart rate, blood pressure levels, metabolism and physical activity. Although, this physical reaction will help us to function more effectively when we are under pressure for short periods of time, it can be extremely damaging to the body in the long-term effects. Examples of physiological effects are release of epinephrine and nor - epinephrine, slowing down of the digestive system, expansion of air passages in the lungs, increased heart rate, and constriction of blood vessels.”

Under stress the body releases epinephrine and nor-epinephrine, slows digestion, widens air passages, raises heart rate and constricts blood vessels. What kind of stress effects are these?

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 3

The correct answer is Option (3) → Physiological

Option	Reason
Option (1): Emotional. Incorrect.	Emotional effects are the feelings and moods of a stressed person, such as anxiety, depression, increased psychological tension and mood swings. Over time they can lower confidence and strain ties with family and friends.
Option (2): Cognitive. Incorrect.	Cognitive effects concern thinking and decision making. Long stress can cause mental overload, with poor concentration, reduced short-term memory and faulty decisions at home or at work.
Option (3): Physiological. Correct.	Hormone release, slower digestion, wider air passages, a faster heart and narrower blood vessels are all changes in the body. Such bodily changes, set off by stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, are the physiological effects of stress.
Option (4): Behavioural. Incorrect.	Behavioural effects are changes in what a person does under stress. Examples are eating less nutritious food, more use of caffeine, cigarettes or alcohol, disturbed sleep and more absence from work.