Answer the following questions after reading the paragraph.
Reena’s grandmother was telling her about life in India under colonial rule. She said, “How blessed you are to be born in the twenty-first century, Reena! Let me tell you how our life looked back then. I used to sell handmade carpets in the market, and they sold at a very high price. After some time, I noticed that the demand for them fell because of the cheap machine-made goods that the British brought in. So I thought of switching to farming. But we could not meet even our basic needs, as the land now belonged to Raju, the landlord, and we were mere peasants who paid him rent. We also had to grow cash crops for British industries instead of food crops. Had I been educated, I would have done something else, but in those days very few people could study, and even fewer girls. My child, you should study well and do something good with your life.”
The grandmother’s days were also a time of very poor health in India. Which pair of figures correctly gives the life expectancy and the infant mortality rate in India during the colonial period?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Life expectancy 32 years; infant mortality rate about 218 per thousand
In the colonial period life expectancy was very low, 32 years. The infant mortality rate was alarming, about 218 per thousand.
Option (1) Life expectancy 32 years; infant mortality rate about 128 per thousand — Incorrect. Life expectancy is right, but infant mortality was about 218, not 128.
Option (2) Life expectancy 45 years; infant mortality rate about 218 per thousand — Incorrect. Infant mortality is right, but life expectancy was only 32 years.
Option (3) Life expectancy 32 years; infant mortality rate about 218 per thousand — Correct. Both figures match.
Option (4) Life expectancy 45 years; infant mortality rate about 128 per thousand — Incorrect. Both figures are wrong.
NCERT (2026-27): “1.6 Demographic Condition … Public health facilities were either unavailable to large chunks of population or, when available, were highly inadequate. Consequently, water and air-borne diseases were rampant and took a huge toll on life. No wonder, the overall mortality rate was very high and in that, particularly, the infant mortality rate was quite alarming—about 218 per thousand in contrast to the present infant mortality rate of 28 per thousand. Life expectancy was also very low—32 years in contrast to the present 70 years. …” |