Identify the correct statement in the context of Rutherford scattering of $α$-particles by target nucleus.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → The perpendicular distance of the initial velocity vector of the $α$-particle from the centre of the nucleus is called impact parameter.
In Rutherford scattering:
- The **impact parameter** is defined as the perpendicular distance of the initial velocity vector of the α-particle from the center of the nucleus.
- Large impact parameter → small deflection; small impact parameter → large deflection.
Therefore, the correct statement is:
Final Answer: The perpendicular distance of the initial velocity vector of the α-particle from the centre of the nucleus is called impact parameter