Which of the following industry was reserved exclusively for the public sector after implementation of NEP of 1991?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → none of the above
After 1991, only a part of atomic energy generation and some core activities in railway transport are reserved for the public sector. None of the three options is among them.
Option (1) aerospace — Incorrect. Aerospace is one of the few product groups that still need an industrial licence. That is not the same as being reserved for the public sector.
Option (2) hazardous chemicals — Incorrect. Hazardous chemicals also still need a licence, but private firms may produce them.
Option (3) industrial explosives — Incorrect. Industrial explosives are another licensed category, not a public sector reserve.
NCERT (2026-27): “Deregulation of Industrial Sector: … The reform policies introduced in and after 1991 removed many of these restrictions. Industrial licensing was abolished for almost all but product categories — alcohol, cigarettes, hazardous chemicals, industrial explosives, electronics, aerospace and drugs and pharmaceuticals. The only industries which are now reserved for the public sector are a part of atomic energy generation and some core activities in railway transport. …” |