Read the statement given below and choose the options with the correct sequence:
A. AITUC was formed in Bombay
B. INTUC formed
C. Textile Labour Association (TLA) formed
D. 4th Factories Act passed
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → D, C, B, A
Note 1: The given answer is as per the official NTA Answer Key. However, none of the given options appears to be correct, as explained below. By the dates (1918, 1920, 1922, 1947) the order is C, A, D, B, which no option gives; Option (4) puts the Factories Act of 1922 first and the AITUC of 1920 last.
C. Textile Labour Association (TLA) formed — founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1918, the same year as the first trade union in Madras.
A. AITUC was formed in Bombay — the All India Trade Union Congress was formed in 1920.
D. 4th Factories Act passed — the formation of the AITUC made the colonial government cautious, and in 1922 it passed the fourth Factories Act, which reduced the working day to 10 hours.
B. INTUC formed — the Indian National Congress formed the Indian National Trade Union Congress in May 1947.
Note 2: The line on the fourth Factories Act of 1922, in the section on workers’ movements of the chapter ‘Social Movements’, was there in the pre-rationalised NCERT, which NTA followed in 2023. It has been deleted from the NCERT book (2025-26), though the chapter and its dates for the TLA, the AITUC and the INTUC are still there.
NCERT (2025-26): “Workers’ Movements … The first trade union was established in April 1918 in Madras by B.P. Wadia, a social worker and member of the Theosophical Society. During the same year, Mahatma Gandhi founded the Textile Labour Association (TLA). In 1920, the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was formed in Bombay. The AITUC was a broad-based organisation involving diverse ideologies. The main ideological groups were the communists led by S.A. Dange and M.N. Roy, the moderates led by M. Joshi and V.V. Giri and the nationalist movements which involved people like Lala Lajpat Rai and Jawaharlal Nehru. During the last few years of British rule the communists gained considerable control over the AITUC. The Indian National Congress chose to form another union called the Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) in May 1947.…” NCERT (Pre-rationalised): “Workers’ Movements … The formation of the AITUC made the colonial government more cautious in dealing with labour. It attempted to grant workers some concessions in order to contain unrest. In 1922 the government passed the fourth Factories Act which reduced the working day to 10 hours.…” |