Target Exam

CUET

Subject

Chemistry

Chapter

Organic: Biomolecules

Question:

The product obtained, when starch is hydrolyzed with dilute sulphuric acid at 393 K under pressure, is

Options:

Glucose only

A mixture of glucose and fructose

Fructose only

Gluconic acid

Correct Answer:

Glucose only

Explanation:

The correct answer is Option (1) → Glucose only

The reaction shown represents the hydrolysis of starch.

Hydrolysis of Starch

  1. Starch: Starch is a polysaccharide, meaning it is a naturally occurring polymer made up of a large number of monosaccharide units. The basic repeating unit is $\alpha-\text{D}-\text{glucose}$.
  2. Hydrolysis Conditions: The reaction involves heating starch with dilute acid (like $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$, represented by $\text{H}^+$) at an elevated temperature ($\text{393 K}$) and pressure.
  3. Process: Hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of a compound (starch) due to reaction with water. Under these conditions, the glycosidic linkages between the $\alpha-\text{D}-\text{glucose}$ units in the starch polymer are completely broken.
  4. Product: The complete hydrolysis of starch yields the smallest carbohydrate unit, which is the monomer unit itself.

The product obtained is:

$$\mathbf{n\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6} \quad (\alpha-\text{D}-\text{Glucose})$$

The product obtained, when starch is hydrolyzed with dilute sulphuric acid at $\text{393 K}$ under pressure, is $\alpha-\text{D}-\text{Glucose}$ (or simply Glucose).