In which condition does negative growth of population happen?

The correct answer is Option (2) → When birth rate falls below death rate or people migrate to other countries

Population falls when fewer people are born than die, or when people leave the country. A fall in population between two points of time is negative growth.

Option (1) When birth and death rate are equal and in-migration is high — Incorrect. Births and deaths cancel out, and people coming in add to the population. It grows.

Option (2) When birth rate falls below death rate or people migrate to other countries — Correct. More deaths than births, or people moving out, make the population decrease.

Option (3) When birth and death rates are constant and in-migration high — Incorrect. High in-migration brings people from other countries. This is part of positive growth.

Option (4) When death rate falls below birth rate — Incorrect. More births than deaths make the population rise. This is positive growth.