What were the indicators showing slow growth of modern industry during British India?

All of the above

The correct answer is option 4: All of the above

All of the above

1. Lack of capital good industries: The absence of capital goods industries meant that India could not produce the machinery and equipment needed to support and expand modern industrialization.

2. Limited area of operation of public sector: The limited involvement of the public sector in industrial development restricted the scale and reach of modern industries.

3. Less contribution to GDP: The industrial sector contributed a relatively small share to India's GDP, reflecting its underdeveloped state and slow growth.

"There was hardly any capital goods industry during British India to help promote further industrialisation in India. Capital goods industry means industries which can produce machine tools which are, in turn, used for producing articles for current consumption. Britishers wanted Indian industry to be dependent for machinery and all other capital goods. Thus, didn't make adequate investment.The establishment of a few manufacturing units here and there was no substitute to the near wholesale displacement of the country’s traditional handicraft industries. Furthermore, the growth rate of the new industrial sector and its contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or Gross Value Added remained very small. Another significant drawback of the new industrial sector was the very limited area of operation of the public sector. This sector remained confined only to the railways, power generation, communications, ports and some other departmental undertakings."