Match List-I (situations) with List-II (process of attitude formation…

Match List-I (situations) with List-II (process of attitude formation). Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

List-I	List-II
(A) Simran's coach praises her in front of the team each time she shows fair play, and she comes to value fair play more and more.	(I) Learning through modelling (observing others)
(B) Ishaan sees his elder brother being thanked by the neighbours for cleaning the colony park, and he too begins to value clean public places.	(II) Learning through exposure to information
(C) Pooja reads the life stories of self-made scientists on the internet and develops a positive view of hard work.	(III) Learning by being rewarded or punished
(D) In Tariq's community, everyone is expected to remove footwear before entering a home; seeing this approved by all, he comes to value the custom.	(IV) Learning through group or cultural norms

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 4

The correct answer is Option (4) → A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) Simran's coach praises her in front of the team each time she shows fair play, and she comes to value fair play more and more.	(III) Learning by being rewarded or punished	Simran herself is praised each time she shows fair play. An attitude that is rewarded is likely to grow, so this is learning by reward.
(B) Ishaan sees his elder brother being thanked by the neighbours for cleaning the colony park, and he too begins to value clean public places.	(I) Learning through modelling (observing others)	Ishaan is not rewarded himself; he watches his brother being thanked. Learning an attitude by observing others being rewarded is modelling.
(C) Pooja reads the life stories of self-made scientists on the internet and develops a positive view of hard work.	(II) Learning through exposure to information	Pooja forms her view by reading, with no one present around her. Attitudes formed from media and information come through exposure to information.
(D) In Tariq's community, everyone is expected to remove footwear before entering a home; seeing this approved by all, he comes to value the custom.	(IV) Learning through group or cultural norms	Removing footwear is an unwritten rule that everyone in Tariq's community is expected to follow. Such rules, seen as expected and approved, teach attitudes through group or cultural norms.

Note: Rows A and B differ in who gets the reward: the person himself or someone he watches.

NCERT (2026-27): “Process of Attitude Formation …
• Learning attitudes by being rewarded or punished : If an individual is praised for showing a particular attitude, chances are high that s/he will develop that attitude further. …”

“• Learning attitudes through modelling (observing others) : Often it is not through association, or through reward and punishment, that we learn attitudes. Instead, we learn them by observing others being rewarded or punished for expressing thoughts, or showing behaviour of a particular kind towards the attitude object. …”