Long term use of alcohol specially causes:

The correct answer is Option (1) → Liver cirrhosis

Option (1) Liver cirrhosis — Correct. The liver breaks down alcohol. Long-term drinking damages the liver cells, and scar tissue replaces them. This condition is cirrhosis.

Option (2) Arthritis — Incorrect. Arthritis is inflammation of the joints. It is not the typical effect of alcohol abuse.

Option (3) Pulmonary system damage — Incorrect. The lungs are damaged mainly by smoking, which causes bronchitis, emphysema and lung cancer.

Option (4) Premature baldness — Incorrect. Premature baldness is a side-effect of anabolic steroid use in males.

NCERT Extract:
Effects of Drug/Alcohol Abuse – “… The use of alcohol during adolescence may also have long-term effects. It could lead to heavy drinking in adulthood. The chronic use of drugs and alcohol damages nervous system and liver (cirrhosis). The use of drugs and alcohol during pregnancy is also known to adversely affect the foetus.”