Assertion (A): Beans proved ideal experimental material for Mendel.
Reason (R): Mendel investigated characters in the garden pea plant that were manifested as two opposing traits, e.g., tall or dwarf plants, yellow or green seeds.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Assertion (A): Beans proved ideal experimental material for Mendel. — False. Mendel did his hybridisation experiments on the garden pea (Pisum sativum), not on beans. He worked on peas for seven years (1856-1863).
Reason (R): Mendel investigated characters in the garden pea plant that were manifested as two opposing traits, e.g., tall or dwarf plants, yellow or green seeds. — True. Mendel chose characters of the pea that showed two opposing traits, such as tall or dwarf plants and yellow or green seeds. This made the results easy to count and to explain.
So A is false but R is true.
NCERT Extract:
Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance – “… Gregor Mendel, conducted hybridisation experiments on garden peas for seven years (1856-1863) and proposed the laws of inheritance in living organisms. … Mendel investigated characters in the garden pea plant that were manifested as two opposing traits, e.g., tall or dwarf plants, yellow or green seeds.”