Answer the question on basis of passage given below:

Organic compounds containing carbon -oxygen double bonds (C=O) are called carbonyl compounds. These are highly polar molecules. Hence, their boiling points are higher than hydrocarbons and ethers. Aldehydes can be prepared from dehydrogenation or oxidation of alcohols and by reduction of acylhalides. Ketones are prepared by oxidation of secondary alcohols or by hydration of alkynes etc. Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reaction with the number of nucleophiles such as HCN, NaHSO, ammonia derivatives. Carboxylic acids are prepared by the oxidation of primary alcohols, aldehydes and alkenes, by hydrolysis of nitriles. Carboxylic acids are more acidic than alcohols and phenols.

The correct sequence of reagents for the conversion of 3-nitrobromobenzene to 3-nitrobenzoic acid is:

$Mg/ether, CO_2, H_3O^+$

The correct answer is Option 1. $Mg/ether, CO_2, H_3O^+$.

Before heading on to the conversion, we need to know a little about 3-Nitrobromobenzene. So, this is an organic compound with molecular formula as: \(C_6H_4BrNO_2\). It is a white to yellow colored crystal powder used in labeled glycerol kinase substrate specificity. If we replace the Bromo group in 3-Nitrobromobenzene with \(COOH\) group, we will get our desired product i.e., 3-Nitrobenzoic acid.

In this method, we will react to our reactant \(Mg\) metal dissolved in ether. Here, we used ether as our solvent because it is aprotic and will solvate the magnesium ion completely. A Grignard reagent will form as a product as the \(Mg\) will attach to the halide present in the reactant. After that, we will take carbon dioxide in the form of dry ice, this will react the Grignard reagent followed by hydrolysis and we will get the final product as 3-Nitrobenzoic acid as shown below: