Which one of the following statements is not correct for traditional security and cooperation?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Use of force is sanctioned and applied collectively by the international community.
Option (1) Use of force only after all the alternatives have failed. True. Force must in any case be used only after all the alternatives have failed.
Option (2) Countries should go to war for primarily self-defence. True.
Option (3) Countries should go to war to protect other people from genocide. True. Self-defence and protecting others from genocide are the two ‘right reasons’ for war.
Option (4) Use of force is sanctioned and applied collectively by the international community. False. This belongs to non-traditional, cooperative security, which is much better when the use of force is sanctioned and applied collectively by the international community rather than by one country on its own.
NCERT (2025-26): “Traditional Security and Cooperation … In traditional security, there is a recognition that cooperation in limiting violence is possible. These limits relate both to the ends and the means of war. It is now an almost universally-accepted view that countries should only go to war for the right reasons, primarily self-defence or to protect other people from genocide. War must also be limited in terms of the means that are used. Armies must avoid killing or hurting noncombatants as well as unarmed and surrendering combatants. They should not be excessively violent. Force must in any case be used only after all the alternatives have failed. Cooperative Security … Cooperative security may also involve a variety of other players, both international and national—international organisations (the UN, the World Health Organisation, the World Bank, the IMF etc.), non-governmental organisations (Amnesty International, the Red Cross, private foundations and charities, religious organisations, trade unions, associations, social and development organisations), businesses and corporations, and great personalities (e.g. Mother Teresa, Nelson Mandela). Cooperative security may involve the use of force as a last resort. The international community may have to sanction the use of force to deal with governments that kill their own people or ignore the misery of their populations who are devastated by poverty, disease and catastrophe. It may have to agree to the use of violence against international terrorists and those who harbour them. Non-traditional security is much better when the use of force is sanctioned and applied collectively by the international community rather than when an individual country decides to use force on its own.” |