A mental structure that provides a framework, set of rules or guidelines for processing information about any object is called _________.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Schema
Option (1) Prototypes — Incorrect. Prototypes are schemas that function in the form of categories: the entire set of features that help us define an object completely. They are one kind of schema, not the general term.
Option (2) Stereotypes — Incorrect. Stereotypes are category-based schemas related to groups of people, overgeneralised, not directly verified and allowing no exceptions. They too are a particular kind of schema.
Option (3) Attributes — Incorrect. Attributes are the qualities or features of a person or object, such as warm or honest. They are the information a schema organises, not the mental structure that organises it.
Option (4) Schema — Correct. A schema is defined as a mental structure that provides a framework, set of rules or guidelines for processing information about any object. Schemas are the basic units stored in memory and work as shorthand ways of processing information, saving time and mental effort.
Note: The definition of a schema was there in the chapter ‘Attitude and Social Cognition’ of the pre-rationalised NCERT, which NTA followed in 2023, and is not there in the NCERT book (2025-26). This question has been picked from the pre-rationalised NCERT.
NCERT (2025-26): “Prejudice and Discrimination … As will be discussed below in the section on social cognition, a stereotype is a cluster of ideas regarding the characteristics of a specific group. All members belonging to this group are assumed to possess these characteristics.…” NCERT (Pre-rationalised): “Schemas and Stereotypes … A schema is defined as a mental structure that provides a framework, set of rules or guidelines for processing information about any object. Schemas (or ‘schemata’) are the basic units stored in our memory, and function as shorthand ways of processing information, thus reducing the time and mental effort required in cognition.…” “…Most of the schemas are in the form of categories or classes. Schemas that function in the form of categories are called prototypes, which are the entire set of features or qualities that help us to define an object completely.…” |