Which of the following sentences is in the present perfect tense?

The correct answer is Option (3) → The cat has knocked the milk jug off the kitchen shelf.

Present perfect tense:

• Its form is has / have + past participle (V3).
• It shows a past action whose result is seen now.
• In Option 3, “has knocked” has “has” and the V3 “knocked”.
• The jug is lying on the floor now.
• Example: Someone has left the tap running.

Why the Other Options are Incorrect?

Option 1: We have lunch in the school canteen at one o’clock every day. — Incorrect.

• This is the simple present.
• “Have” is the main verb here (meaning “eat”), and no V3 follows it.
• “Every day” shows a habit.

Option 2: The guests had left before the cake was cut. — Incorrect.

• This is the past perfect: had + V3.
• It begins with “had”, not “has / have”.

Option 4: Grandpa has been sleeping on the sofa since lunch. — Incorrect.

• This is the present perfect continuous: has been + V-ing.
• It has “been” and the -ing word “sleeping”, not a V3.