Match the Following

Choose the correct answer.

(A)-(ii), (B)-(iii), (C)-(i), (D)-(iv)

The correct answer is Option 1: (A)-(ii), (B)-(iii), (C)-(i), (D)-(iv).

(A)-(ii) Large reproductive-age population despite declining fertility → Population Momentum Population momentum refers to a situation in which population continues to grow even after fertility rates begin to decline. This happens because a large number of women are already in or entering the reproductive age group. Consequently, the total number of births remains high even though individual women are having fewer children than previous generations.

(B)-(iii) Falling dependency ratio → Demographic Window of Opportunity A declining dependency ratio means that the proportion of dependents decreases relative to the working-age population. This creates a temporary period during which a larger share of the population can potentially contribute to production and economic growth. Such a period is often described as a demographic window of opportunity.

(C)-(i) Growth potential arising from age structure → Demographic Dividend The demographic dividend refers to the economic benefits that may arise when the working-age population becomes larger relative to dependents. However, this benefit is not automatic and depends on education, skill development, health, and employment opportunities.

(D)-(iv) Failure to create jobs despite favourable age structure → Underutilisation of demographic advantage A favourable age structure alone does not guarantee economic growth. If a country fails to provide productive employment and educational opportunities to its expanding workforce, the potential benefits of the demographic dividend remain unrealised. This represents the underutilisation of demographic advantage.