In India in the 1980s, while Doordarshan was expanding rapidly, which…

The correct answer is Option (3) → The VCR

Option (1) Private FM radio channels — Incorrect. Privately owned FM radio stations arrived only in 2002. They belong to a much later stage of radio, long after the video boom of the 1980s.

Option (2) Private satellite channels — Incorrect. Private satellite channels came later, with transnational television companies such as Star TV and Sony. They belong to the next phase of Indian television, after the cable and video years.

Option (3) The VCR — Correct. The VCR let families watch films of their own choice at home and in video parlours. In the 1980s it gave audiences the first real choice beyond Doordarshan's single channel.

Option (4) Transnational music channels — Incorrect. Transnational music channels such as MTV and Channel [V] came with the foreign networks of the later period. They are part of the wave of global television that followed the 1980s.