Isolation of DNA fragments involves separating and purifying specific DNA fragments using techniques like gel electrophoresis.
Amplification of genes is achieved through the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), a method to produce multiple copies of a specific DNA segment.
Agarose is a natural polymer extracted from seaweeds and is commonly used as a matrix in gel electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments.
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and can be used as vectors to transfer foreign DNA into bacterial cells during genetic engineering experiments.
