Which of the following is not a criticism of globalization?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Globalization leads to rise of the welfare state
Option (1) Globalisation represents a particular phase of global capitalism that makes the rich richer and the poor poorer A criticism (Incorrect). This is the argument of the critics on the left.
Option (2) Globalisation leads to reduction of state capacity to take decisions on its own A criticism (Incorrect). Globalisation results in an erosion of state capacity, and critics fear that a weaker state cannot protect the interest of its poor.
Option (3) Globalization leads to rise of the welfare state Not a criticism (Correct). The reverse happens: the old welfare state is giving way to a more minimalist state that keeps only core functions such as law and order and security, and withdraws from its welfare functions. The market, not the state, becomes the prime determinant of economic and social priorities. So no critic blames globalisation for a rise of the welfare state.
Option (4) Globalisation harms traditional culture. A criticism (Incorrect). Critics on the right worry that traditional culture will be harmed and people will lose their age-old values and ways.
NCERT (2026-27): “Political Consequences … At the most simple level, globalisation results in an erosion of state capacity, that is, the ability of government to do what they do. All over the world, the old ‘welfare state’ is now giving way to a more minimalist state that performs certain core functions such as the maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens. However, it withdraws from many of its earlier welfare functions directed at economic and social well-being. In place of the welfare state, it is the market that becomes the prime determinant of economic and social priorities.… Resistance to Globalisation … Critics of globalisation make a variety of arguments. Those on the left argue that contemporary globalisation represents a particular phase of global capitalism that makes the rich richer (and fewer) and the poor poorer. Weakening of the state leads to a reduction in the capacity of the state to protect the interest of its poor. Critics of globalisation from the political right express anxiety over the political, economic and cultural effects. In political terms, they also fear the weakening of the state. Economically, they want a return to self-reliance and protectionism, at least in certain areas of the economy. Culturally, they are worried that traditional culture will be harmed and people will lose their age-old values and ways.” |