Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion and the other is labelled as Reason:

Assertion: In South Africa, the white African population had to undertake a long struggle against the ruling Black minority for equal citizenship.
Reason: The struggle for equal citizenship in South Africa continued until the early 1990s.

The Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.

The correct answer is Option 3 - The Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.

Correct Assertion: In South Africa, the BLACK African population had to undertake a long struggle against the ruling WHITE minority for equal citizenship.

Each of the rights now enjoyed by citizens has been won after struggle. Some of the earliest struggles were fought by people to assert their independence and rights against powerful monarchies. Many European countries experienced such struggles, some of them violent, like the French Revolution in 1789. In the colonies of Asia and Africa, demands for equal citizenship formed part of their struggle for independence from colonial rulers. In South Africa, the black African population had to undertake a long struggle against the ruling white minority for equal citizenship. This continued until the early 1990s. Struggles to achieve full membership and equal rights continue even now in many parts of the world. One may have read about the women’s movement and the Dalit movement in India. Their purpose is to change public opinion by drawing attention to their needs as well as to influence government policy to ensure them equal rights and opportunities.