Match the following:

1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B

Personal observation: Personal observation enables the manager to collect firsthand information. It also creates a psychological pressure on the employees to perform well as they are aware that they are being observed personally on their job.

Statistical reports: Statistical analysis in the form of averages, percentages, ratios, correlation, etc., present useful information. It allows a comparison to be made with performance in previous periods and also with the benchmarks.

Breakeven analysis: Breakeven analysis is a technique used by managers to study the relationship between costs, volume and profits. It determines the probable profit and losses at different levels of activity in the organization.

Budgetary control: Budgetary control is a technique of managerial control in which all operations are planned in advance in the form of budgets and actual results are compared with budgetary standards. It contains figures of forecasts both in terms of time and quantities.